Natural Gas Futures, How They Effect Natural Gas ETFs

When you hear on the news that natural gas prices are rising and falling, where and who determines the price? Years ago the natural gas market was tightly regulated with prices set by the government. In order to increase production, those regulations were loosened allowing the price to fluctuate with market conditions.

Natural gas futures have a direct influence on natural gas prices. The benefit to this is that there is transparency in the price of natural gas. Anyone can turn on CNBC, pick up the Wall Street Journal or look for the price online. No longer are natural gas prices shrouded in secrecy.

So what can we do with this information? You can invest in natural gas in several ways. One way is to trade the natural gas futures on the New York Mercantile Exchange. This is the largest natural gas futures contract in the world. This contract is called the Henry Hub natural gas contract since it is based on delivery of gas to the Henry Hub gas processing plant located in Louisiana. This futures market was opened in 1990, and natural gas futures options were introduced in 1992 as a further way of hedging natural gas prices.

Natural gas contracts are traded 2 ways. First is the open outcry way. This is where your order is directed to the trading floor and executed in the natural gas pit. These are the people you have seen in movies like Trading Places and on TV jumping and screaming at each other to make a trade.

You can also choose to execute your trades electronically. Here you will select a price on your computer at which to trade. Since open outcry and the electronic trade off of each other, the prices will be the same.

You would need to open a futures or commodity account with a broker. You can find many of them online. You will need see how much money you will need to open an account, what their margin requirements are and how much they will charge per trade. Not all futures brokers charge the same commission. You will need to check commission prices and the level of service they will offer you. Do you prefer to do your own research or do you want to be guided by the broker?

If you do decide to trade off a screen, you will then have to invest in a fast computer and a high-speed cable connection. You don’t want to be left in the dust by faster traders. You will also have to choose which trading platform and charting software you want to use too.

Another way to trade natural gas futures is to invest in a natural gas ETF (exchange traded fund). One of the most popular natural gas ETFs is the United States Natural Gas Fund (ticker symbol UNG). This gas ETF purchases the front month futures contract on the NYMEX. When the front month is within 2 weeks of expiration, they will then “roll” the contract into the next month. This means they will sell their position in the front month and at the same time purchase the next month contract so you are always “long” the market.

What if you think the price of natural gas is going down? How can you profit from that? Once again you can trade a natural gas ETF that is based on the movement of the futures contract. The Horizons BetaPro Natural Gas Bear Plus ETF sells or gets “short”’ the front month natural gas futures. This ETF also “rolls” its contracts forward near expiration so you will always be short the natural gas market.

Now you know how natural gas prices are set and how you can profit from them.

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Natural Gas ETF Guide